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      Principle:

      Laser welding concept at a glance

      In the laser welding of thermoplastics, sometimes referred to as “laser transmission welding” or “through transmission IR welding (TTIr), transparent and absorbent parts are bonded together. The laser beam penetrates the transparent plastic and is converted to heat in the absorbing plastic. Since both parts are pressed together during the welding process, heat is conducted from the absorbent to the transparent plastic, allowing both materials to melt and create a bond. Internal joining pressure also is generated through the local warming and thermal expansion. The internal and external joining pressures ensures a strong weld of both parts.

      Laser Plastic Welding Concept

      1. Transparent joining part
      2. Absorbent joining part
      3. Laser beam
      4. Melt zone
      5. Weld seam 

       

      Laserweldable Materials

      Thermoplastics are plastics that can be remelted. As a result, they can be welded. Thermoplastics can be divided into two categories:
      • Amorphous thermoplastics
      • Semicrystalline thermoplastics

      Assuming that there are no additives, amorphous thermoplastics are transparent within the visual range. By contrast, semicrystalline thermoplastics appear opaque to milky to the human eye. In principle, thermoplastics of the same type can be welded together using a laser. Nevertheless, attention must be paid to the optical properties. 

      The table below lists the material combinations that can be laser welded. In addition to these combinations, the range can also be expanded by using modified blends.

       

      Laser welding processes

      Laser welding is suitable for a wide range of industries and extremely diverse applications. Leister has developed various concepts to offer the optimal solution for every application. The potential of this technique can therefore be brought to bear in every situation. Leister offers systems for contour welding (or path welding), simultaneous welding, quasi-simultaneous welding, as well as mask welding . The latest developments from Leister also advance your innovation. Radial welding joins components with rotational symmetry without moving them. Furthermore, the GLOBO clamping concepts, developed by Leister, facilitate three-dimensional laser welding for the first time.

      As well as allowing 3D welding, this technique also can be used to weld large 2D areas. In 2D welding applications, there also is demand for linear welds with broader welding seams. This can be accommodated using the roller welding technique. 

      Special optical components known as diffractive optical elements (DOE) can be tailored to the specific laser welding process. These optical units are used with various techniques, from contour and quasi-simultaneous welding to simultaneous welding. They change the shape of a spot laser beam in order to produce a power density distribution that is suitable for the application in question.

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